If you want to compose a Petrarchan sonnet, first make sure you are familiar with iambic pentameter. Poets also often employ personification in these sonnets, which is the attribution of human qualities to something non-human. For example, the extended metaphor of love as a battle is an example of conceit. They may also include conceit, a type of extended metaphor that refers to the surprising comparison between dissimilar things. Petrarchan sonnets often include metaphors or similes, which are comparisons between unlike objects or ideas. This turn is often indicated by "however," "but" or "yet." The sestet develops or answers the tension or problem established in the octave and shifted in the turn. Around the end of the octave, the poet presents the turn, or volte, which is a thematic shift in direction.
Petrarchan sonnets begin by describing a subject or problem, such as love, faith or another emotion. The other common type of sonnet - the English or Shakesperian sonnet - has three quatrains and a couplet. The sestet may have an xyzxyz or xyxyxy pattern. Sonnets with different rhyme schemes in the quatrains of the octet are sometimes called envelope sonnets. The octet typically has a rhyme scheme of abbaabba, although it may also have an abbacddc or abababab scheme. These lines are split into two sections: an octet, or eight-line section, and sestet, or six-line section. Petrarchan sonnets contain 14 lines written in iambic pentameter, a rhythm that contains five "feet." Each foot contains an unstressed and a stressed syllable.
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